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The hash marks on the windage and elevation settings, what do they represent?
There are a couple of screws, one on the elevation side plate, one on the windage plate and a long set screw near the elevation knob. What adjustments do they make?
[The hash marks on the windage and elevation settings, what do they represent?]
They are called "gradients", and theoretically represent different distance settings - but don't rely on them to be accurate, since settings vary rifle to rifle and with differing chamberings & loads.
[There are a couple of screws, one on the elevation side plate, one on the windage plate]
[What adjustments do they make?] - None
These screws secure the gradient scales (marker plates) to the sight body, and are usually centered/zeroed after the rifle is sighted-in. Then, theoretically, a shooter can twirl a windage and/or elevation adjustment so many gradients, and expect to be zeroed at some other distance. I ignore them, after centering them for "looks".
[a long set screw near the elevation knob.] - It is a "return to zero" feature, used when removing the upper half of the sight, say to use a scope or whatever. This is backed out until the rifle is sighted-in/zeroed, then screwed in until the tip just kisses the top of the action. Once you do that, the side button on the base may be depressed to pull out/remove the peep cross bar - and the peep will return to zero when you pop it back down to the limit set by the screw (provided the screw hasn't been fooled with in the meantime).